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A psychological adaptation, also known as evolved psychological mechanism (EPM), is evolved human or animal behavior resulting from evolutionary pressures. It could serve a specific purpose, have served a purpose in the past (see vestigiality), or be a side-effect of another EPM (see spandrel (biology)). Evolutionary psychology proposes that the human psychology mostly comprises psychological adaptations, in opposition to tabula rasa or blank slate model of human psychology such as the standard social science model,〔http://www.themindevolution.com/2010/08/30/how-to-explain-human-nature-evolution-or-standard-social-science-model/〕 popular throughout most of the twentieth century. Instead, EPM's are ongoing processes in their emotions and intellect, that help individuals with their well being whether its through their mental state of mind or in culture.〔http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Psychological+adaptation〕 The least controversial EPMs are those commonly known as instincts, including interpreting stereoscopic vision and suckling a mother's breast.〔Ell, K., Nishimoto, R., Morvay, T., Mantell, J. and Hamovitch, M. (1989). A longitudinal analysis of psychological adaptation among. Survivors of cancer. Cancer, 63: 406–413. Funder, D. C. (2010). The Personality Puzzle (5th ed.). New York, NY: Norton〕 ==Evolutionary Psychology as Adaptation== Evolutionary psychologists are scarce because they try and determine not the interaction between environment and behavior but why a behavior is created in a specific environment.〔Boyer, P. & Barrett, H. C. (2005). Domain specificity and intuitive ontology. In Buss, D.M. (ed.). Handbook of evolutionary psychology. (pp. 96–118). Wiley.〕 In a Darwinian outlook, evolutionary psychology is seen as a succession of psychological adaptations occurring at individual times. Not every trait of humans or animals are adaptations, but the ones that are tend to reflect the trend of the current population. Evolutionary psychologists tend to study adaptations to give meaning to specific behaviors found in humans today.〔Krill, A. L.; Platek, S. M.; Goetz, A. T.; Shackelford, T. K. (2007). "Where evolutionary psychology meets cognitive neuroscience: A précis to evolutionary cognitive neuroscience". Evolutionary Psychology 5: 232–256.〕 Evolutionary psychologist, David Buss, lays out six properties of evolved psychological mechanisms (EPM's):〔Buss, D.M. (2004).Evolutionary Psychology: The New Science of the Mind. Boston, MA. Pearson Education, Inc.〕 # An EPM exists in the form that it does because it solved a specific problem of survival or reproduction recurrently over evolutionary history. # An EPM is designed to take in only a narrow slice of information # The input of an EPM tells an organism the particular adaptive problem it is facing # The input of an EPM is transformed through decision rules into output # The output of an EPM can be physiological activity, information to other psychological mechanisms, or manifest behaviors # The output of an EPM is directed toward the solution to a specific adaptive problem 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Psychological adaptation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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